Group Tour: Gyumri city, Black Fortress, Marmashen, Day trip: From Yerevan

Armenia’s cultural capital, Gyumri is known for its humor, crafts, and resilience. Despite being shaken by a devastating earthquake in 1988, it retains a strong spirit and historic charm. Walk the cobbled streets of old Kumayri district, admire the 19th-century stone buildings, and soak in the city’s creative energy.

Built in 1834 during the Russian Empire, the Black Fortress—also called Sev Berd—is a striking military structure made of dark volcanic stone. Designed as a defensive stronghold, it once guarded Alexandropol (now Gyumri) and featured underground tunnels and massive walls. Though it no longer serves a military purpose, the fortress now echoes with history and curiosity. Climb its walls for sweeping views of the city and imagine soldiers once standing guard where now tourists snap panoramic selfies.

Marmashen Monastery is a remarkable medieval Armenian monastery located near the village of Vahramaberd, just a short drive from Gyumri. Built mainly in the 10th–11th centuries under Prince Vahram Pahlavuni, the complex is beautifully situated in the Akhuryan River valley, surrounded by peaceful countryside. Its elegant red-tuff churches are excellent examples of medieval Armenian architecture, with the main Katoghike Church particularly notable for its harmonious proportions and detailed stonework. The combination of history, architecture, river scenery, and quiet rural atmosphere makes Marmashen a wonderful stop during a trip to Gyumri. Interesting fact: the nearby village of Vahramaberd takes its name from Vahram Pahlavuni, the influential Armenian prince and military commander associated with the construction of Marmashen.